This post aims to show how you can connect to a remote VM server using Telnet/SSH Secure shell with a free program called Putty on Windows. This not an advanced guide, I hope you find it useful.
2020 Update. I have stopped using Putty and WinSCP. I now use MobaXterm (a tabbed SSH client for Windows) as it is way faster than WinSCP and better than Putty. Read my review post of MobaXTerm here.
You will learn how to connect (via Windows) to a remote computer (Linux) over the Telnet protocol using SSH (Secure Shell). Once you login you can remotely edit web pages, learn to code, install programs or do just about anything.
Common Terms (Glossary)
- Putty: Putty is a free program that allows you to connect to a server via Telnet. Putty can be downloaded from here.
- Port: A port is a number given to a virtual lane on the internet (a port is similar to a frequency in radio waves but all ports share the same transport layer frequency on the internet). Older unencrypted webpages work on Port (lane 80), older mail worked on Port 25, encrypted web pages work on Port 443. Telnet (that SSH Secure Shell uses) used Port 22. Read about port numbers here.
- SSH: SSH is a standard that allows you to securely connect to a server over the telnet protocol. Read more here.
- Shell: Shell or Unix Shell is the name given to the interactive command line interface to Linux. Read more about the shell here.
- Telnet: Telnet is a standard on the TCP/IP protocol that allows two-way communication between computers (all
communicatin issent as characters and not graphics). Read more on telnet here and read about the TCP protocols here and here. - VM: VM stands for Virtual Machine and is a name given to a server you can buy (but it is owned by someone else). Read more here.
Read about other common glossary terms used on the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Internet-related_terms
Background
If you want a webpage on the internet (or just a server to learn how to program) it’s easier to rent a VM for a few dollars a month and manage it yourself (with Telnet/SSH Secure Shell) than it is to buy a $5,000 server, place it in a data centre and pay for electricity and drive in every few days and update it. Remote management of VM servers via SSH/Secure Shell is the way for small to medium solutions.
- A simple web hosting site may cost < $5 a month but is very limited.
- A self-managed VM costs about $5 a month
- A website service like Wix, Squarespace, Shopify or WordPress will cost about $30~99 a month.
- A self-owned server will cost hundreds to thousands upfront.
There are pros and cons to all solutions above (e.g cost, security, scalability, performance, risk) but these are outside this post’s topic. I have deployed VMs on provides like AWS, Digital Ocean, Vultr and UpCloud for years. If you need to buy a VM you can use this link and get $25 free credit.
I used to use the OSX Operating System on Apple computers. I was used to using the VSSH software program to connect to servers deployed on UpCloud (using this method). With the demise of my old Apple Mac book (due to heat) I have moved back to using Windows (I am never using Apple hardware again until they solve the heat issues).
Also, I prefer to use Linux servers in the cloud (over say Windows) because I believe they are cheaper, faster and more secure.
Enough talking lets configure a connection.
Public and Private Keys?
Whenever you want to connect to a remote server via Telnet/SSH Secure Shell you will need a public and private key to encrypt communications between you and the remote server.
The public key is configured on your server (on Linux you add the public key to this file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys).
The private key is used by programs (usually on your local computer) to connect to the remote server.
How to create a Public and Private Key on Linux
I usually run this command on Ubuntu or Debian Linux to generate a public and private SSH key.
sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096The key below was generated for this post and is not used online. Keys are like physical keys, people who have them and know where to use them can use them.
Output:
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/username/.ssh/id_rsa): ./server
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ********
Enter same passphrase again: ********
Your identification has been saved in ./server.
Your public key has been saved in ./server.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:sxfcyn4oHQ1ugAdIEGwetd5YhxB8wsVFxANRaBUpJF4 [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 4096]----+
| .oB**[email protected] |
| +.==B.+ |
| o .o+o+.. |
| .. +..o... |
| o ..Sooo. |
| ++o. |
| .o+o |
| .oo . |
| ... |
+----[SHA256]-----+
The two files were created
server
server.pub- “server” is the private key
- “server.pub“is the public key
Public/Private Key Contents
Public Key Contents (“server.pub”)
ssh-rsa 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 [email protected]Private Key Contents (“server”), always keep the private key safe and never publish it.
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,D34670C40CE3778974BEF97094010597
b4oecyqLsWt9n+G12ldVNlaQxSKF1wSrlBPg6FGiHRauTCyreUwoI2dMOAkwnGmN
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
The Public and Private keys
fyi: Putty can create SSH Keys too
If you do not have a Linux computer or Linux server to generate keys the Putty generator can create keys too.
I did not know Putty can create keys.
Do save the public and private key(s) that were generated in Puttygen (tip: PPK files are what we are after along with the public key later in this post).
Public keys are added to your server when you deploy them. On Linux, you can add new
Puttygen does format the keys differently than how Ubuntu generates them. Read more here. I’ll keep generating keys in Linux over Puttygen.
Putty SSH Client on Windows
Putty is a free windows program that you can use to connect to serves via SSH. Download and install the Putty program.
Open Putty
Default Putty User Interface.
To create a connection add an exiting IP address (server name) and SSH port (22) to Putty.
In Putty (note the tree view to the left of the image), You can set the auto login name to use to log into the remote server under the Connection the Data in the tree view item
You can also set the username under the Connection then Rlogin section of Putty.
OK, lets add the private SSH Key to Putty.
It looks like Putty only supports PPK private key files not ones generated by Linux. I used to be able to use the private key in the VSSH program on OSX and add the private key to connect to the server over SSH. Putty does not allow you to use Linux generated Private keys directly.
Convert your (Linux generated) private key to (Putty) PPK format with Puttygen
Putty comes with a Key Generator/Converter, you can open your existing RSA private key and convert it (or generate a new one).
TIP: If you generate a key in Puttygen
Open Puttygen
Click Conversions than Import Key and choose the private key you generated in Linux
The private key will be opened
You can then save the private key as a PPK file.
PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa
Encryption: aes256-cbc
Comment: imported-openssh-key
Public-Lines: 12
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAACAQC7Xo9bOCXJ7gVjP8tKOxHVId3KTo5I0VRU
/kSRK3+mGd5VbDbQABo3tdWzYhzkjODzRS9TeL2dcLAQNNQKshi9IW5IGDS1NocS
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kxMLnuj7zw==
Private-Lines: 28
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J4BO7pzXECnWYutB14UxHw==
Private-MAC: 12298fa865ac574da81898252e83b812200cba59
Now the PPK key can be added to Putty for any server connection that uses
Add the private key to a Putty server by clicking
Now we need to save the connection, click back on the Session note at the top of the
Connecting to your sever via Telnet/SSH wiht Putty.
Once you have added a server name, port, usernames and private key to Putty you can double click the server list item to connect to your server.
You will see a message about accepting the public key from the server. Click Yes. This fingerprint will be the same fingerprint that was shown when you generated the keys (if not maybe someone is hacking in the middle of your local computer and server)
Hopefully, you will now have full access to your server with the account you logged in with.
Happy Coding.
Alternatives to self-managed VM’s
I will always run
I have blogged about alternatives but these solutions always sacrifice something and costs are usually higher and performance can be slower.
I am also lucky enough I can do this as a hobby and its not my day job. when you self manage a VM you will have endless tasks or securing your server and tweaking but its fun.
More Reading
Read some useful Linux commands here and read my past guides here. If you want to buy a domain name click here.
If you are bored and want to learn more about SSH Secure shell read this.
Related Blog Posts
- Monitor server performance with NixStats and receive alerts by SMS, Push, Email, Telegram etc
- Useful Linux Terminal Commands
- Setup
two factor authenticator protection at login (SSH) on Ubuntu or Debian - etc
Version: 1.1 Added MobaXterm link