Using

Using the Yubico YubiKey NEO hardware-based two-factor authentication device to improve authentication and logins to OSX and software

October 4, 2018 by Simon

This post aims to show you how you can use a Yubico YubiKey NEO hardware-based two-factor authentication device to improve authentication and logins to OSX and other software and services.

Background

Although I am a developer I do like security related topics and I try and do as much as I can to secure my systems and applications. Reading the Multi-Factor Authentication Wikipedia page has all the details on Multi-Factor authentication.

I have been a big fan of 1Password to generate strong and unique passwords for separate accounts for a while now. Read my guide on upgrading from a standalone 1Password licence to a 1Password subscription. I love generating unique and complex passwords with 1Password.

But what happens if someone gets access to my 1password vault? Yubico has a catalogue of support services that I can use Yubikeys with to have, 1password is one supported service 🙂

I want to add Yubico protections with these services.

macOS Logins (DONE)
macOS Screensavers (DONE)
1Password (DONE)
Dropbox (DONE)
Twitter (DONE)
Google (DONE)
Google GSuite (DONE, WAITING TO VERIFY)
Google GMail (DONE)
Google Analytics and AdSense (DONE)
Github (DONE)
Thunderbird Email (DONE)
Debian servers in the cloud (SSH) (DONE)
Ubuntu servers in the cloud (SSH) (DONE)
Securing WordPress (DONE)

Etc

Final Warning

Do not attempt to activate Two Factor Authentication on a system unless you…

A) Have backups of your data
B) Have backup methods of getting into your account(s)

Murphy’s Law: “Anything that can go wrong will go wrong”

You never know when a Two Factor Authentication Key may die or an Authenticator app or a Mac/PC may stop working so always have a backup method just in case.

General

General Yubico YubiKey Setup guides https://www.yubico.com/setup/

Buying a Yubico YubiKey

International visitors can buy a YubiKey from the official store here. Australian readers can buy a key locally here. I grabbed 2x YubiKey YubiKey Neo 4 (with NFC) for $50 USD (about $75 AUD) each.

This blog post will aim to show how you can set up a primary key and backup key for use on macOS and other apps to add hardware-based two-factor authentication to logins.

Authenticator Apps

You can use Google Authenticator, Yubico Authenticator or freeOTP from https://freeotp.github.io

Plugging the YubiKey into macOS Mojave

First I read this guide: https://www.yubico.com/works-with-yubikey/catalog/macos/

1) I plugged in my Yubico Neo key into my USB slot.
2) I closed the Keyboard setup window that appeared (I guess the YubiKey is a kind of a keyboard to allow inserting of challenge-response character streams into apps and websites).

3) I followed the basic troubleshooting page and confirmed that the key was being detected (yes it was.)

4) I followed this guide to test U2F functionality and this guide to test OTP functionality. Web pages and Google Chome can talk to the plugged-in YubiKey(s).

I was prompted to register a UTF deice (and create an account)

I was prompted to (insert) and touch my Yubico key.

Google Chome asked for some permissions first.

FYI: Chrome 67 is recommended to securely allow the reading of UbiKey’s from web pages. Only allow sites you trust access to your USB devices and use a modern browser.

Success, Chrome could now see my YubiKey and my device was now verified.

Technical data is available to let you know what is going on in the background. I am not going to break down how this works but Yubico has in-depth whitepapers and documentation if you are interested.

Nice

Configuring OSX

I logged into my Mac with the account that I was going to secure.

I performed a complete time machine backup before proceeding. If you lock yourself out you will need to restore OSX from a Time Machine backup.

I Read the “Using Yubico Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) with Challenge-Response” login guide: https://www.yubico.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/yubico_YubiKeyMacLoginGuide_en.pdf

I downloaded the Download the YubiKey Manager

I downloaded the yubikey-manager from here so I could configure the keys to use “HMAC-SHA1 Challenge-Response”.

Oops, I downloaded the wrong tool, good to know this one exists though.

I will update what this tool does in future (update firmware?)

I Downloaded the Yubikey Personalization Tool

I went back to the Yubico download page and downloaded the Personalization tool.

Many options are available here.

It’s time to configure a primary and backup (duplicate YubiKey) for use with macOS etc.

Enable Challenge Response

I opened the YubiKey Personalization Tool, Inserted my primary key, clicked the Settings tab, and in the Logging Settings group, selected Log configuration output and Yubico format.

I then clicked on the Challenge Response Tab, clicked the HMAC-SHA1 button, selected Configuration Slot 2, ticked “Program Multiple YubiKeys“, changed the “Parameter Generation Scheme = Same for all Keys“, Selected “Fixed 64 byte input” under “HMAC-SHA1 Parameters” and generated a new key (wrote it down).

Under “Configuration Protection” then I selected Enable Protection” I then visited here and generated a 6 digit string to convert to hex array (with spaces (e.g: “70 61 73 73 77 64”)).

Warning: If you set an access code and later forget it, you cannot make any programming changes to this YubiKey. You would need to buy another YubiKey.

I clicked on Write Configuration

If you chose Configuration Slot 1 you will receive a warning about not saving over Configuration Slot 1 due to Yubico VIP/Symantec, I personally do not trust Symantec or the https://vip.symantec.com/ service due to Symantec issuing non-compliant certificates for use on websites. Yubico allows you to swap configuration slots if want to keep the configuration data.

On the output of the first write, I was prompted to save a file. I saved this to “secretkey.csv” onto the Desktop.

When the write to my primary key was successful, I ejected it then inserted my backup key and wrote the same configuration data to it too (on Configuration Slot 2).

Testing the HMAX-SHA1 Challenge

I open the YubiKey Personalization Tool, then click the Tools tab and click Challenge Response. Choose Configuration Slot 2, I selected HMAC-SHA1. I typed a sample input challenge (e.g “hello world”) and clicked Perform.

I noticed the Yubico key touch panel was flashing. I pressed the button, then a response appeared below the input textbox. I copied this response text then insert your second key and perform the same test so I could compare the responses (they should be the same). They were.

If the responses don’t match rewrite the configuration to your primary and secondary keys and ensure the same key and secret was used for both keys.

FYI: I rewrote configuration a few times until I got it right.

Installing the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) on macOS

I re-read the Mac login guide here as I don’t want to lock myself out of my Mac.

I opened the Yubico Software Download page here and clicked Computer Login Tools and downloaded the PAM for Mac.

I installed the PAM package and verified the package installation with this command.

ls -al /usr/local/lib/security

Output:

Text Output:

> drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 96 9 Oct 10:29 .

> drwxrwxr-x 74 simon admin 2368 9 Oct 10:29 ..

> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 143172 20 Apr 21:13 pam_yubico.so

Backup macOS

Again I ensured my Mac was backed up with Time Machine.

I logged in to my Mac with the account I wanted to be protected with the Yubico YubiKeys.

I ran the following command in terminal

mkdir –m0700 –p ~/.yubico

I double checked that my Yubico key(s) were set up for challenge response (above).

I inserted my Uubico key and ran this command

ykpamcfg -2

Feel free to read the “ykpamcfg” manual here. The yubico-pam source code is located here.

Output:

The contents of “/Users/simon/.yubico/challenge-#######” looked like (I replaced 232 random chars with #’s below). The filename ended with my keys serial number.

v2:########################################################################################################################################################################################################################################:10000:2

Next, I was supposed to copy the challenge output from ykpamcfg to /var/root/.yubico/challenge-[YUBIKEY SERIAL NUMBER] with this command..

sudo cp /var/root/.yubico/challenge-[YUBIKEY SERIAL NUMBER] /Users/[USERNAME]/.yubico

But I had this error.

No such file or directory

Weird as the source file existed?? macOS issues?

I Opened /Users/[USERNAME]/.yubico/challenge-[YUBIKEY SERIAL NUMBER] in the nano editor (sudo elevated process) and saved the file to /var/root/.yubico/challenge-[YUBIKEY SERIAL NUMBER].

I reopened my terminal and verified the contents of /var/root/.yubico/challenge-[YUBIKEY SERIAL NUMBER]. The file is now there.

Permissions on the file is “-rw——-“. Good.

I inserted my second backuP key and re-ran “ykpamcfg -2” and copied the file to “/Users/simon/.yubico”

I verified the file contents

sudo cd /var/root/.yubico/
ls -al

Output

Text Output:

> drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 128 9 Oct 09:50 .
> drwxr-x— 12 root wheel 384 9 Oct 09:39 ..
> -rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 244 9 Oct 09:50 challenge-#######
> -rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 244 9 Oct 09:42 challenge-#######

Snip from: https://www.yubico.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/yubico_YubiKeyMacLoginGuide_en.pdf

“Program at least two YubiKeys when implementing a requirement for authentication with a YubiKey on your Mac. If you configure only one YubiKey and something happens to the YubiKey, you must restore the Mac from a Time Machine backup that you created before editing the authorization file before you can log back in to your account. ”

Reading the guide regarding multiple accounts (setting up a Key for each login). I have 5 logins on my Mac but when this works I will disable the other accounts from logging in.

Enable the use of the Yubico key when the screensaver is deactivated on macOS

I opened a terminal and edited “/etc/pam.d/screensaver ” (I use the easier nano editor)

sudo nano /etc/pam.d/screensaver

I added this line

auth       required       /usr/local/lib/security/pam_yubico.so mode=challenge-response

auth[7 spaces]required[7 spaces]/usr/local/lib/security/pam_yubico.so mode=challenge-response

I saved the file ( [CTRL+O], [CTRL+X] ) and exited nano.

I tested my screensaver and no extra protection was provided (the screensaver just exited).

I rebooted, still no change?

I reinstalled the PAM module.

Silly me, I needed to enable the password on the screensaver to then activate the /etc/pam.d/screensaver entries.

I enabled the screensaver passwords

I am now prompted to enter my password and inset and tap my Yubico Key on screensaver exit (on both keys). Awesome.

Next, I need to enable this at macOS login.

Enable the use of the Yubico key at macOS Login

I edited /etc/pam.d/authorization file with nano in the terminal

sudo nano /etc/pam.d/authorization

I added the same line as was added to the file /etc/pam.d/screensaver

auth       required       /usr/local/lib/security/pam_yubico.so mode=challenge-response

auth[7 spaces]required[7 spaces]/usr/local/lib/security/pam_yubico.so mode=challenge-response

I saved the file ( [CTRL+O], [CTRL+X] ) and exited nano.

Now let’s log out and test this.

It’s working.

Excellent

Add Two Factor Authentication to 1Password

Here is a guide on using the Yubico YubiKey with 1Password. This directed me to https://support.1password.com/yubikey/

I downloaded the Yubico Authenticator app on macOS and installed it.

After I inserted my primary Key I received a “No Credentials Found”message.

I logged into https://my.1password.com/signin and clicked My Profile.

I clicked More Actions then Turn On Two-Factor Authentication

I added the generated QR code details to the Android Authenticator and macOS Yubico Authenticator app. At first, I could not scan the QR code in macOS (was Mojave blocking this?), I manually entered the details (after confirming them from the Android app QR code scan).

Details:

Issuer: 1Password
Account Name: my.1password.com
Secret Key: ###################
Time: 30
Algorithm: SHA-1
Period: 30
Digits: 6

Now, 1Password web and the desktop app are asking for the 2-factor code (generated in the Yubico Authenticator app after I insert my YubioKey).

Nice

I logged off and I was not prompted for my Two Factor code?

Snip from: https://support.1password.com/two-factor-authentication/

“Your 1Password account is now protected by two-factor authentication. From now on, you’ll need to enter a six-digit authentication code from your authenticator app when you sign in to 1Password on a new device.”

I logged in to 1Password from Google Chrome on Android and indeed I was prompted for a two-factor auth code form the Yubico Authenticator app (with a KubiKey inserted).

Add Two Factor Authentication to Dropbox
I read https://www.yubico.com/works-with-yubikey/catalog/dropbox-personal/. Dropbox also has setup instructions here.

I logged into Dropbox and went to Settings then Security then clicked Add next to Security Keys

I started the Wizard, entered my Dropbox password, then inserted my YubiKey.

Name the Key

I added my Primary and Backup Key(s)

I logged out and back in and no Security Key prompt?

I am using Chrome and had cleared past browsers from the Dropbox list of web browsers at https://www.dropbox.com/account/security

I discovered that I need to set the primary authentication method to Use Mobile App (My Bad, it would be nice if Dropbox set this as default after I added the keys).

I added the Dropbox QR code to the Yuboico Authenticator app

I was asked to enter a 6 digit code from my Yubico Authenticator app to verify the working link. I inserted my YubiKey into my machine to show the code.

Now Dropbox is configured 🙂

Success

I now have to insert my primary key when logging into Dropbox

I need to find a way to copy my Authenticator credentials to my Backup Key from my Primary key

Add Two Factor Authentication to Twitter

I read https://www.yubico.com/works-with-yubikey/catalog/twitter/ (Setup Instructions)

1) Login to Twitter

2) Open your Settings and Look For Security

3) Click Start

4) Enter Your Password

5) Accept and enter any SMS codes if you set up SMS Two Factor codes via SMS

6) Click “Review your login verification methods”

7) Click “Setup Key”

8) Insert Your YubiKey and follow the prompts to activate it.

9) Now the key will be requoted to log in to Twitter

Testing Two Factor Login to Twitter

I logged out of and back into Twitter but the SMS Two Factor Authentication method was still active?

I tried to disable the SMS method in Twitter but two factor was disabled altogether and the registered key was deleted. I re-added my key 🙁

I solved this by choosing “Choose a different verification method” when logging in then choosing “Use your security key“, Twitter then accessed my YubiKey and further login attempts used the key instead of SMS 🙂 I could use an Authenticator code but they YubiKey touch method is quicker.

Done

It would be nice if Twitter allowed multiple keys to be used to log in?

Add Two Factor Authentication to Google, Google cloud, Gsuite etc

I read https://www.yubico.com/works-with-yubikey/catalog/google-accounts (Instructions https://myaccount.google.com/).

Adding two Factor authentication details to Google was not easily accessible at Google so I Googled (lol) this https://support.yubico.com/support/solutions/articles/15000006418-using-your-yubikey-with-google

I loaded: https://myaccount.google.com/signinoptions/two-step-verification/enroll-welcome

I clicked Get Start

I clicked Choose Another Option (not SMS Two factor)

Clicked Security Key

As prompted I inserted my key and allowed access to it.

I named the Key

I repeated the steps and added my 2nd key.

Done

I logged out my https://myaccount.google.com and logged back in and I was prompted to insert my YubiKey

Nice

I did try and login to my google GSuite account at https://admin.google.com but it did not prompt me to insert a key. I will do this next.

Add Two Factor Authentication to GSuite

I logged into the GSuite admin interface at https://admin.google.com/ I generated some backup codes in case I need them in the future.

I checked my main admin user account and I could see the 2 google security keys synced through from Google.

I then searched GSuite for “Two Factor” and loaded the “Enforcement” Page

I enabled “Turn On Enforcement Now”

I enabled “Only Security Keys”

I logged out and back into https://gsuite.google.com/ TWICE and no security key prompt.

Silly me: I forgot to click save at the bottom of the screen and it appears there is a 24-hour delay?

Add Two Factor Authentication to GMail

This is already done (above), GSuite email takes up to 24 hours to become active, GMail is instant.

Add Two Factor Authentication to Google Analytics

I can’t see an option to turn Two Factor Auth on in Google Analytics 🙂

I did send feedback to the Google Analytics team.

Add Two Factor Authentication to Google Adsense

I can’t see an option to turn Two Factor Auth on in Google Adsense either 🙂

I did send feedback to the Google AdSense team.

Add Two Factor Authentication to Github

I logged into Github, opened my Settings and clicked Security then Enable two-factor authentication

Click Setup using an app save the recovery codes.

Open the Yubico Authenticator app (ensure you can see the QR Code in GitHub)

In the Yubico Authenticator, App click File then Scan QR Code

The GitHub details should be added to the Authenticator

Two Factor via authenticator tokens is enabled and now I can see a Keys options,

I clicked Add next to security keys then Register New Device, I gave the key a name then clicked Add.

I added both keys then I Logged out and back in and two factor was enabled by YubiKey 🙂

Add Two Factor Authentication to Debian servers in the cloud (SSH)

Read Setup two-factor authenticator protection at login on Ubuntu or Debian

Add Two Factor Authentication to Ubuntu servers in the cloud (SSH)

Read Setup two-factor authenticator protection at login on Ubuntu or Debian

YubiKey Support

There are loads of Yubico support articles here: https://support.1password.com/yubikey/

Yubico Developer Info

A GitHub repository of source code is located here: https://github.com/Yubico

Other developer related pages here

Securing WordPress

Read this guide on Securing WordPress with 2FA (YubiKey insertion or Authenticator app).

I found a good WordPress plugin to handle 2FA logn methods.

I am prompted to insert my YubiKey after logging into WordPress.

Nice

Java Code to use the Yubico YubiKey in software (challenge mode)

todo: I will add this section soon.

Yubico has Java repository that contains a Java library with an accompanying demo server, as well as a JAAS module, to validate YubiKey OTP’s (One-Time Passwords).

https://developers.yubico.com/yubico-java-client/

PHP Code to use the Yubico YubiKey in software (challenge mode)

todo: I will add this section soon.

Yubico has PHP library ad source code but it has not been updated in 3 years. I cannot get this working on PHP 7.2.

https://github.com/Yubico/php-yubico

Using Yubico YubiKeys as 2fA with one-time Passwords.

The YubiKeys can be used to store and generate one time passwords.

No matter what server-provider you are using I strongly recommend you have a hot spare ready on a different provider

August 5, 2018 by Simon

No matter what server-provider you are using I strongly recommend you have a hot spare ready on a different provider

Aside

If you have not read my previous posts I have now moved my blog to the awesome UpCloud host (signup using this link to get $25 free UpCloud VM credit). I compared Digital Ocean, Vultr and UpCloud Disk IO here and UpCloud came out on top by a long way (read the blog post here). Here is my blog post on moving from Vultr to UpCloud.

Buy a domain name here

Now on with the post.

Murphy’s Law

I recently had an issue where I set up a website for a friend. I invested 6 hours into setting up..

I setup…

Debian OS
NGINX Web Server
MySQL Database
PHP 7.2
PHP-FPM Child Workers
HTTPS Certificate
Security (Firewall/Headers/SSH, WordPress, Plugins etc).
Installed WordPress and Plugins
Setup DNSSEC
Etc

I had tested GTMetrix scores = less than 1 second. Security headers were tested and I was happy with the site.

The server and backups were automatically deleted after 7 days while I was away from my keyboard because I assumed the account was valid and had credits.

Lesson Learned

Always have a backup (of the server, setup/ www, MySQL etc).
Script setups (Ansible, Puppet or Scripts) to sate time redeploying if need be.
Backups are not always available.
Do have setup documented (Check)
Do have a disaster plan

I have guides on setting up a server on UpCloud, AWS, Vultr, Digital Ocean but setting up can be rather repetitive so how can you prevent resetting up servers?

Why Plan for the Worst

Companies disappear.
Some hosts go down.
Some hosts have weird trial modes and internal process that could take your site down.
Human error?
Murphy’s Law

How I will prevent this in future

I am building a Java desktop app for Windows/OSX/Linux app that will deploy and set up on UpCloud/Vultr/Digital Ocean providers and allow for 1 click deploy and backup and restore.
I am going to re-establish replication between servers with RSync etc.
I am going to start to automate installs and environments.
I am going to set up a hot (ready to go) Green/Blue mirrored environments (www and DB server) on different providers in case of emergency. Then I can set the active live servers with DNS (blog posts soon).
Consider a server farm (same provider or different providers)

I hope this guide helps someone.

Please consider using my referral code and get $25 UpCloud VM credit if you need to create a server online.

https://www.upcloud.com/register/?promo=D84793

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Revision History

v1.0 Initial Post

Creating your first Java FX app and using the Gluon Scene Builder in the IntelliJ IDEA IDE

July 3, 2018 by Simon

This is quick guide explaining how I created my first JavaFX application using the Gluon Scene Builder in the IntelliJ IDEA IDE.

I have a number of guides on moving away from CPanel, Setting up VM’s on UpCloud, AWS, Vultr or Digital Ocean along with installing and managing WordPress from the command line. I created this blog post on creating a Java GUI app with the older Swing technology (Java FX replaces Swing). I now want to create a JavaFX app to control my UpCloud VM’s.

If you have not read my previous posts I have now moved my blog etc to the awesome UpCloud host. Sign up using this link to get $25 free credit.

Do read: Preparing for JavaFX Application Development: https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/OpenJFX/Building+OpenJFX#BuildingOpenJFX-Mac

Downloading Java

Download and install Java SE 8 or higher from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Download Intelli J IDEA IDE

Goto https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/

Click Download

Download the community edition

Install Intelli J IDEA IDE

Install Scenebuilder

I downloaded the Java Scene Builder (1.1 or 2.0) from here.

Install the Scene Builder (open the installer and drag it to your applications folder).

Configure the Scene Builder in IntelliJ IDEA IDE

Open Intelli J IDEA IDE (set the default’s you wish)
Create a New Project
Open Intelli J IDEA IDE Preferences
Open Languages & Frameworks then JavaFX and set your Scene Builder path (e.g /Applications/JavaFX Scene Builder 2.0.app/)
Exit Preferences

You can now create a JavaFX project an have a workign scene builder GUI.

After you create a JavaFX project open your JavaFX fxml file in Scene Builder (right click on the .fxml file and select Open in Scene Builder)

Extended Scene Builder from Gluon

I read that there is a better Scene builder GUI available from https://gluonhq.com/products/scene-builder/

Read some of the Java Scene Builder v Gluon Scene Builder history here at Reddit for the latest on why.

I am going to download the Gluon Scene Builder from http://gluonhq.com/products/scene-builder/

Download and install the Gluon Scene builder (at the time of writing requires Java 9 or higher).

Now open IntelliJ IDEA IDE and open the preferences and change the scene builder path from “/Applications/JavaFX Scene Builder 2.0.app/” to “/Applications/SceneBuilder.app/“.

Save the IntelliJ IDEA preferences and Right click on your projects “fxml” file again and click “Open In Scene Builder” , do verify it is indeed the Gluon Scene builder by opening the about menu.

Designing your first JavaFX app

Now you can design and code a JavaFX application with Gluon Scene Builder.

I am not an expert at java apps so i’d highly recommend you follow this guide to learn how to build a well-structured JavaFX panel layout (just ignore that it is using the standard Scene Builder, it works with the gluon one).

You should now have a working Java FX App

The scene builder will save changes to your fxml file

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Menu?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.MenuBar?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextArea?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TreeView?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.HBox?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.Region?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>


<BorderPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/9.0.4" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="sample.Controller">
   <top>
      <VBox BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
         <children>
            <MenuBar>
              <menus>
                <Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="File">
                  <items>
                    <MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Close" />
                  </items>
                </Menu>
                <Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Edit">
                  <items>
                    <MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Delete" />
                  </items>
                </Menu>
                <Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Help">
                  <items>
                    <MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="About" />
                  </items>
                </Menu>
              </menus>
            </MenuBar>
            <HBox spacing="8.0">
               <children>
                  <TextField promptText="ip" />
                  <TextField promptText="Username" />
                  <TextField promptText="Password" />
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onMouseClicked="#loginButtonClicked" prefHeight="27.0" prefWidth="68.0" text="Login" />
                  <Region HBox.hgrow="ALWAYS" />
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onMouseClicked="#settingsButtonClicked" text="Settings" />
               </children>
               <padding>
                  <Insets bottom="8.0" left="8.0" right="8.0" top="8.0" />
               </padding>
            </HBox>
         </children>
      </VBox>
   </top>
   <left>
      <TreeView prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER" />
   </left>
   <center>
      <TextArea prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER" />
   </center>
   <bottom>
      <HBox BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
         <children>
            <Label text="Label" />
         </children>
         <padding>
            <Insets bottom="2.0" left="2.0" right="2.0" top="2.0" />
         </padding>
      </HBox>
   </bottom>
</BorderPane>

You can add functions into your controller class

package sample;

public class Controller {

    public void loginButtonClicked(){
        System.out.println("Login");

    }

    public void settingsButtonClicked(){
        System.out.println("Settings");

    }

}

Instaling Gluon JavaFX Templates

Close your test project and create a new project, but before you do click Configure then Plugins

Now lets open In the following screen click Browse Repositories.

Search the repository for and install the “Gluon” plugin

Restart IntelliJ IDEA IDE then you can use templates when creating a project.

Get your own VM

If you have not read my previous posts I have now moved my blog etc to the awesome UpCloud host. Sign up using this link to get $25 free credit.

Packaging a Java app for distribution on OSX

I will show how you can package your app to run on a Mac by using this.

Coming Soon

I will add more guides soon on using a custom JavaFx app to allow you to manage your own UpCloud server and perform Deploy/Init/Setup/Configure/Operate actions. Running CLI commands to deploy and manage a server is fun but is very tedious.

I blogged recently about using the UpCloud API and setting up a subdomain recently (I will use this server to test and prove the Javmanagementnt app).

Links

Official Javafx examples
Official Java learning paths.
Javafx examples at javacodegeeks.com
Java widgets
Reddit JavaHelp
Jenkov Tutorials

I hope this guide helps someone.

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Revision History

V1.6 Jenkov Tutorials

V1.5 Reddit java help

V1.4 added java widgets link

V1.3 added javafx examples link.

V1.2 added Java learning paths

V1.1 added offical Javafx examples

v1.0 Initial post

Enabling TLS 1.3 SSL on a NGINX Website (Ubuntu 16.04 server) that is using Cloudflare

April 5, 2018 by Simon

This guide will show you how to enable the latest Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 protocol with it’s predecessor Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) with NGINX and OpenSSL for better website security on an Ubuntu 16.04 server

I have a number of guides on moving hasting away form CPanel, Setting up VM’s on AWS, Vultr or Digital Ocean along with installing and managing WordPress from the command line. Making sure your server is up to date and running the latest SSL software is important. I have updated Open SSL before and blogged about this here. Do backup your server before changing settings and if you use Cloudflare (if you don’t do it now) enable Development Mode (and disable caching until changes are made).

For the best performing VM host (UpCloud) read my guide on the awesome UpCloud VM hosts (get $25 free credit by signing up here).

TLS 1.3 is the latest SSL security protocol that can be used between clients and servers to encrypt connections on the web.

TLS 1.3 uptake is only 60% according to https://caniuse.com/#search=TLS%201.3

Read why TLS 1.3 is important and news on TLS 1.3 can be found here: https://www.openssl.org/blog/blog/2018/02/08/tlsv1.3/

The Good and Bad

Done be like this commercial site with very poor security (tested with SSL labs and asafaweb)

Here is what the top 1 million sites do

Here it is!! Alexa Top 1 Million Analysis – February 2018 https://t.co/TjBHNX7zTi
— Scott Helme (@Scott_Helme) February 26, 2018

Installing Open SSL on Ubuntu

Connect to your Ubuntu 16.04 server via SSH (I connected to my Vultr server)

Check what version of OpenSSL you have? My OpenSSL is out of date.

# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.0g  2 Nov 2017

Tip: What Ciphers does your Open SSL Support?

openssl ciphers -s -v
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384
DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256   TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256   TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA  TLSv1 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA    TLSv1 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA      SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA  TLSv1 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA    TLSv1 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA      SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
AES256-GCM-SHA384       TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
AES128-GCM-SHA256       TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
AES256-SHA256           TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA256
AES128-SHA256           TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
AES256-SHA              SSLv3 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
AES128-SHA              SSLv3 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1

Time to update Open SSL

OpenSSL 1.1.1 beta is available and supports TLS 1.3 but it is n BETA form. OpenSSL code is available here.

I did the following to download and build the latest version of OpenSSL.

mkdir /openssltemp
cd /openssltemp
sudo git clone git://git.openssl.org/openssl.git
cd openssl/
./config --prefix=/usr/local/ssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/ssl/lib
make
sudo make install

I tried to check the open SSL version but had an error?

openssl version 
openssl: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl)
openssl: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl)

A quick GitHub ticket revealed I needed to set a path variable.

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/bin/openssl" >> ~/.bashrc

Open SSL now reports it’s version.

openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.1-pre3 (beta) 20 Mar 2018

What version NGINX do you have (1.13 supports TLS 1.3) read here

# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.13.9

Backup your NGINX

Do backup your server files and take a snapshot if need be. I am not responsible;e for a broken server,

sudo cp -R /etc/nginx/ /nginx-backup-26thMar-2018

Edit NGINX Configuration

Update NGINX configuration: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;

tip: Review other NGINX hardening settings here. Also remove TLSv1.0

I tested my NGINX config loaded them and restarted NGINX

nginx -t
nginx -s reload
/etc/init.d/nginx restart

Check the status of NGINX

# /etc/init.d/nginx status

[ ok ] Restarting nginx (via systemctl): nginx.service.
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) 
     Docs: man:nginx(8)
  Process: 15154 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 15162 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 15159 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 15166 (nginx)
    Tasks: 4
   Memory: 2.3M
      CPU: 27ms
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─15166 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
           ├─15170 nginx: worker process
           ├─15171 nginx: cache manager process
           └─15172 nginx: cache loader process

If you have configured Cloudflare then log in and enable TLS support.

Enable TLS 1.3 in Chrome by visiting chrome://flags/#tls13-variant This should be automatic in later versions of Chrome and other browsers.

Verify TLS

I used the developer tools in Chrome to confirm the page was verified in TLS 1.3.

Updated to 1.1.1-pre6-dev

mkdir /temp
cd /temp
sudo git clone https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
cd openssl/
./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local
make
sudo make install
openssl
OpenSSL> version
OpenSSL 1.1.1-pre6-dev  xx XXX xxxx
OpenSSL> exit

Don’t forget to test your SSL strength with https://dev.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

I hope this guide helps someone.

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Revision History

v1.4 fixed typo

v1.3 added bad ssl cert.

v1.2 ssl test v1.1 updated to 1.1.1-pre6-dev

v1.0 Initial post

Using Cloudflare DNS servers to speed up the internet and add privacy on OSX

April 2, 2018 by Simon

Below is how I setup my OSX to use Cloudflare’s new DNS servers to speed up internet browsing and add privacy on OSX

Cloudflare has launched a DNS service: https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-1111/

DNS Performance

You can view worldwide DNS performance by viewing https://www.dnsperf.com/#!dns-providers

I check the DNS at my router, I am using ISP provided DNS servers.

Cloudflare DNS

On April Fools 2018 Cloudflare Released a DNS server service.

Snip from here: “DNS: Internet’s Directory Nearly everything on the Internet starts with a DNS request. DNS is the Internet’s directory. Click on a link, open an app, send an email and the first thing your device does is ask the directory: Where can I find this? Unfortunately, by default, DNS is usually slow and insecure. Your ISP, and anyone else listening in on the Internet, can see every site you visit and every app you use — even if their content is encrypted. Creepily, some DNS providers sell data about your Internet activity or use it target you with ads.”

https://1.1.1.1/

Set Cloudflare Nameservers using OSX

Open the Apple System Preferences, click Network, click on your Network (Wifi or ethernet), Click Advanced then DNS and add 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1

Alternatively, you can manually set your DNS servers in OSX by editing the /etc/resolv.conf, by default SX will inherit DNS settings from our router.

cat /etc/resolv.conf
#
# macOS Notice
#
# This file is not consulted for DNS hostname resolution, address
# resolution, or the DNS query routing mechanism used by most
# processes on this system.
#
# To view the DNS configuration used by this system, use:
#   scutil --dns
#
# SEE ALSO
#   dns-sd(1), scutil(8)
#
# This file is automatically generated.
#
domain home
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 1.0.0.1

Troubleshooting: Clear DNS Cache

sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Debug DNS Data

scutil --dns
DNS configuration

resolver #1
  search domain[0] : home
  nameserver[0] : 1.1.1.1
  nameserver[1] : 1.0.0.1
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000002 (Reachable)

resolver #2
  domain   : local
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 300000

resolver #3
  domain   : 254.169.in-addr.arpa
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 300200

resolver #4
  domain   : 8.e.f.ip6.arpa
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 300400

resolver #5
  domain   : 9.e.f.ip6.arpa
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 300600

resolver #6
  domain   : a.e.f.ip6.arpa
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 300800

resolver #7
  domain   : b.e.f.ip6.arpa
  options  : mdns
  timeout  : 5
  flags    : Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
  order    : 301000

DNS configuration (for scoped queries)

resolver #1
  search domain[0] : home
  nameserver[0] : 1.1.1.1
  nameserver[1] : 1.0.0.1
  if_index : 7 (en0)
  flags    : Scoped, Request A records
  reach    : 0x00000002 (Reachable)

Confirm Cloudflare DNS from the OSX Comand line

nslookup www.fearby.com
Server:		1.1.1.1
Address:	1.1.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	www.fearby.com
Address: 104.27.154.69
Name:	www.fearby.com
Address: 104.27.155.69

Privacy

I am not sure if Cloudflare is any more private than using ISP DNS but I’ll happily use it.

Several people have asked me about Cloudflare’s new 1.1.1.1 privacy DNS service. To be clear: it DOES NOT stop your ISPs from collecting your browsing history. ISPs can still see the sites you’re connecting to — even if the site is over HTTPS. You will still send a hostname.
— Zack Whittaker (@zackwhittaker) April 2, 2018

Speed

I can’t tell if DNS is faster, I did ping my ISP DNS before switching and it was about the same (sub 25ms), time will tell.

Conclusion

I have used https://www.opendns.com/ before and loved the dashboards, I hope Cloudflare add dashboard options too.

I hope this guide helps someone.

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v1.0 Initial post

Using the Qualys FreeScan Scanner to test your website for online vulnerabilities

March 23, 2018 by Simon

It is possible to deploy a server in minutes to hours but it can take days to secure. What tools can you use to help identify what to secure on your website?

I have a number of guides on moving hasting away form CPanel, Setting up VM’s on AWS, Vultr or Digital Ocean along with installing and managing WordPress from the command line, installing a Free SSL certificate and setting up SSL security.

Security Tools

https://asafaweb.com/ is a good tool for quick scanning
Kali Linux has a number of security tools you can use.
You can run a system audit Lynis Audit.
Checking your site for vulnerabilities with Zap.
Run a Gravity Scan malware and supply chain scan
Use Qualys SSL scan to test your SSL certificate: https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

Qualys SSL Labs SSL Tester is the best tool for checking an SSL certificate strength

Most people don’t know Qualys also has another free (limited to 10 scans) vulnerability scanner for websites.

Goto https://freescan.qualys.com/ and click Start your free account.

Complete the signup form

Now check your email to login and confirm your email account

Login now from the email.

Create a password (why the 25 char max Qualys?)

Enter your website URL and click Scan

The scan can take hours

While the scan was being performed I noticed that Qualys offers alerts (I’ll check this out later): https://www.qualys.com/research/security-alerts/

Yes, the scan can take hours, take a walk or read other posts here.

The scan is almost complete

Yay, my latest scan revealed 0 High, 0 Medium and 0 Low-risk vulnerabilities.

It did report 23 informational alerts like “Firewall Detected“.

Threat Report Results

Patch Report Results

This report was empty (probably because I don’t run Windows)

Threat Report Results

The OWASP report contained partial scan results (maybe the full report is available to pro users)

Previous Scan Results

The Qualys dashboard will show all past scans.

My first scan showed a Low priority issue with the /wp-login.php page as the input fields did not have “autocomplete=”off””, I fixed this by adding “autocomplete=”off”” the removing the page (safer).

The second scan found two issues with cookies (possibly ad banner cookies) and 2 subfolders that I created in past development exercises. I deleted the two sub-folders that were not needed.

The third scan was clean.

Here is a scan of a static website of a friends server (static can be less secure if the server underneath is old or unpatched).

Happy scanning. I hope this guide helps someone.

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Revision History

v1.1 Static Web Server Scan

v1.0 Initial post

Using OWASP ZAP GUI to scan your Applications for security issues

March 17, 2018 by Simon

OWASP is a non-profit that lists the Top Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks, they also have a GUI Java tool called OWASP Zap that you can use to check your apps for security issue.

I have a number of guides on moving hosting away form CPanel , Setting up VM’s on AWS, Vultr or Digital Ocean along with installing and managing WordPress from the command line. It is important that you always update your site and software and test your sites and software for vulnerabilities. Zap is free and completely open source.

Disclaimer, I am not an expert (this Zap post and my past Kali Linux guide will be updated as I learn more).

OWASP Top 10

OWASP has a top 10 list of things to review.

Download the OWASP 10 10 Application security risks PDF here form here.

Using the free OWASP Zap Tool

Snip from https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Zed_Attack_Proxy_Project

“The OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is one of the world’s most popular free security tools and is actively maintained by hundreds of international volunteers*. It can help you automatically find security vulnerabilities in your web applications while you are developing and testing your applications. It’s also a great tool for experienced pentesters to use for manual security testing.”

Zap Overview

Here is a quick demo of Zap in action.

Do check out the official Zap videos on youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/OWASPGLOBAL/videos if you want to learn more.

Installing Zap

Download Zap from here.

Download Options

Download contents

Copy to the app to the OSX Application folder

App Installed

Open OSX’s Privacy and Security screen and click Open Anyway

OWASP Zap is now Installed

Ready for a Scan

But before we do let’s check out the Options

OWASP Zap allows you to label reports to ad from anyone you want.

Now let’s update the program and plugins, Click Manage Add-ons

Click Update All to Update addons

I clicked Update All

Installed some plugins

Zap is Ready

Add a site and right click on the site and you can perform an active scan or port scan.

First Scan (https failed)

I enabled unsafe SSL/TLS Renegotiation.

This did not work and this guide said I needed to install the “Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files” from here.

The extract files to /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/%your_jdk%/Contents/Home/jre/lib/security

I restarted OWASP Zap and tried to scan my site buy it appears Cloudflare (that I recently set up) was blocking my scans and reported error 403. I decided to scan another site of mine that was not on Cloudflare but had the same Lets Encrypt style SSL cert.

fyi: I own and set up the site I queried below.

OWASP Zap scan performed over 800 requests and tried traversal exploits and many other checks. Do repair any major failures you find.

Generating a Report

To generate a report click Report then the appropriate generation menu of choice.

FYI: The High Priority Alert is a false positive with an HTML item being mistaken for a CC number.

I hope this guide helps someone. Happy software/server hardening and good luck.

More Reading

Check out my Kali Linux guide.

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Revision History

V1.3 fixed hasting typo.

v1.2 False Positive

v1.1 updated main features

v1.0 Initial post

Using Chrome 65 to measure website Performance, Progressive Web Apps, Basic Practices, Accessibility and SEO

March 4, 2018 by Simon

Chrome 65 beta has added SEO to audits in the Developer Tools Audit tab.

I have a number of guides on moving hasting away form CPanel, Setting up VM’s on AWS, Vultr or Digital Ocean along with installing and managing WordPress from the command line.

When you develop any site you need to perform regular audits to ensure it is up-to-date and compliant. Google Chrome has audit tools built right in (Chrome 65 has SEO audit tools (yay)

Chrome 64Developer Tools – Audit tool.

Chrome 64 Audit Scan options

Chrome 64 Audit Results

The performance results seem off given I have set up a CDN, optimized WordPress.

Time to download Chrome 65 beta and get new audit tools.

Chrome version confirmed

Audit Options

Chrome 65 Audit Results

Hmmm, results are different (same website, network and time)

Chrome 64 Audit Results:

Performance: 45
Progressive Web App: 30
Accessibility: 86
Best Practice: 56
SEO: N/A

Chrome 65 BETA Audit Results:

Performance: 24
Progressive Web App: 45
Accessibility: 65
Best Practice: 63
SEO: 90

Google recommends you load pages in under 1s, I would suggest using multiple tools to indicate site speed.

https://gtmetrix.com is a great site for testing your sites speed. I used GT Metrix to move my site from 26s to 6 by setting up a WordPress CDN, moving away from CPanel to a self-managed server on Vultr then to 4s with optimising PHP by setting up child workers.

https://www.webpagetest.org is also good for testing websites.

I will continue to use Chrome Audit Tools for other results like SEO

That’s weird Chrome Audit Tools, I thought I did not have meta tags?

I downloaded the WP Meta SEO plugin, I use the wp command from the SLI (setup guide here)

cd /www/wp-content/plugins/
wget https://downloads.wordpress.org/plugin/wp-meta-seo.3.6.6.zip
unzip wp-meta-seo.3.6.6.zip
rm -R wp-meta-seo.3.6.6.zip

I activated the plugin in WordPress the loaded the dashboard. WP Meta SEO asked to import data from the Yoast plugin.

Now I can see my metadata is falling behind.

With WP Meta SEO I was able to apply individual page Meta tags.

I added the following meta tags with WP Meta SEO plugin for each page (the metadata below was for this page)

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fearby-com.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/php_pool_featured.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@FearbySoftware" />
<meta name="twitter:domain" content="Programming, IoT and Server Stuff" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="How to setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x to increase website traffic" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://fearby-com.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/php_pool_featured.jpg" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Programming, IoT and Server Stuff" />
<meta property="og:description" content="How to setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x to increase website traffic" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://fearby.com/article/how-to-setup-php-fpm-on-demand-child-workers-in-php-7-x-to-increase-website-traffic/" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x" />
<meta name="description" content="How to setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x to increase website traffic" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x" />
<meta name="title" content="Setup PHP FPM on demand child workers in PHP 7.x" />

fyi

I use the free version of the Yoast for SEO plugin in WordPress. The premium version has a lot more to offer, I might have to check Premium out.

I am now on the hunt for meta plugins for WordPress

I hope this guide helps someone.

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Revision History

v1.2 WP-Meta SEO

v1.1 Added webpagetest.org link and results

v1.0 Initial post

Using Fritzing to draw electronic schematics for Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP8266

February 10, 2018 by Simon

This guide will show how you can create an electronics schematic to represent elements of a circuit for Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP8266 micro-controllers.

Todo: Content
Wikipedia states here: “A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the information the schematic is intended to convey, and may add unrealistic elements that aid comprehension.” This guide will help you create schematics using Fritzing on OSX, you may still want to document your system requirements etc in Github or Bitbucket.

I am creating some small personal weather station on Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP8266 to submit data to cloud servers on Vutr (or AWS or Digital Ocean), read my guide on using Adminer to create and manage MySQL databases.

What are sensors

A sensor could detect temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, light and just about anything else.

Temperature, Humidity and Barometric sensor (bme280)

Most sensors work on low voltage have analogue or digital outputs (I2C or SPI) and require minimal wires. The real problem is having multiple sensors and wiring gets out of hand.

What is Arduino

Arduino is a low power 8bit and 32bit hardware/software product that you can rapidly wire up circuits and sensors. Sites like Adafruit sell loads of sensors and develop a lot of software libraries to drive sensors.

Non-genuine Arduino boards age mega cheap on eBay.

Arduino has slide-on shields that can be pushed onto an Arduino board to expand them.

Pros

Cheap
Loads of support
Good analogue sensor support

Cons

Limited monitor support

Sensors or expansions can come in shields or be connected to pins with wires.

What is Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi is also a single board computer but with a more powerful ARM processor that runs a Linux operating system from an SD card. Raspberry Pi’s are essentially small desktop computers. Raspberry Pi’s have USB, can plug into a monitor, have a bootable desktop have Arduino like GPIO pins that can talk to sensors (but not as many analogue sensors).

Pros

Very Powerful.
Desktop Operating System included.
Can talk to sensors.
Good GPIO pins for controlling the real world.
Has HDMI monitor output.

Cons

Full kits are expensive.
Low analogue read pins.
Failure to shut down correctly can corrupt the OS.

What is ESP8266

Pros

Cheap
Good Analog and digital puns
Code in Arduino IDE
Has WiFi

Cons

Limited monitor support

Installing Fritzing

Fritzing is a software package that can allow you to design and learn electronic schematics (filter by kid level, amateurs, master or higher).

Goto: http://fritzing.org/

Click Download and Donate

Click Download and choose the right version for your Operating System

Copy the app to your Application folder

Open the app a few times (open, wait, proceed, close, open wait proceed etc) to ensure parts updates are installed.

Fritzing Introduction on YouTube

Watch the Introduction video for Fritzing here

Fritzing Killer Tips Series on YouTube

Watch Fritzing Killer Tips 001 The generic IC

Extending Fritzing

Fritzing allows you to import new parts and design your own parts or ask Fritzing to design a part for you.

I was able to import a bme280 sensor within seconds.

If a part does not exist in the forums search google for “partname” and “.fzpz”

I was able to find an ESP8266 Node MCU from https://github.com/squix78/esp8266-fritzing-parts/tree/master/nodemcu-v1.0

It looks like Fritzing has all the parts I need to work with (Pi, Arduino and Node MCU’s).

Fritzing Views

Coming soon (Views: Breadboard, schematic, PCB, code).

Designing and Ordering a PCB

Coming soon.

Find Fritzing Projects

You can find all community created Raspberry Pi Fritzing Projects below.

http://fritzing.org/projects/by-tag/raspberry%20pi/

Arduino Fritzing Projets:

http://fritzing.org/projects/by-tag/arduino/

ESP8266 Fritzing Projets:

http://fritzing.org/projects/by-tag/esp8266/

Happy coding and I hope this helps someone.

More to come.

Making a PCB

Bonus: It is possible to order your own physical PCB from say
https://easyeda.com but you will need to export your schematic from Fritzing to Eagle (or manually create your PCB in Easy EDA online IDE).

Download Eagle:
https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/free-download

Easy EDA guides here:

How to make a custom PCB in Easy EDA (Part 1):

How to make a custom PCB in Easy EDA (Part 2):

I will try and find a PCB manufacturer that accepts orders from Fritzing exports.

More Reading

https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/

Free MagPi magazine Issues.

Donate and make this blog better

Ask a question or recommend an article

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Revision History

V1.1 Making a PCB info

v1.0 Initial Draft

Using the free Adminer GUI for MySQL on your website

February 8, 2018 by Simon

Adminer is a free GUI tool that can you can easily install on a PHP web server. Adminer allows you to easily connect to your MySQL instance, create databases/tables/indexes/rows and backup/import databases and much more.

You can read my other posts on Useful Linux Terminal Commands and Useful OSX Terminal Commands.

I used to use phpMyAdmin to manage MySQL databases on AWS, Digital Ocean and Vultr but switched to Adminer due to forgotten issues. You can always manage MySQL via command line but that is quite boring.

The below screenshots were taken on my local Development Mac Laptop (with optional OSX Apache SSL Setup (that reports “Not Secure” (but it is good enough to use locally)). I prefer to code in SSL and warn when SSL is not detected.

Downloading and Installing Adminer

Navigate to https://www.adminer.org/ and click Download.

Click English only (.php file)

Save the Adminder for MySQL (.php) file to your web server and give it a random name and put in a folder also with a random name (I use https://www.grc.com/passwords.htm to generate strong password).

Tip: Uploading this file to a live serve offers hackers and unauthorized people potential access to your MySQL server. I would remove this file from live serves when you are not using it not to be sure.

Tip: Read my guide here on setting up NGINX, MySQL and PHP here. Basically I did this to setup MySQL on Ubuntu 16.04.

sudo apt-get install mysql-common
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
mysql --version
>mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.19, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
sudo mysql_secure_installation
>Y (Valitate plugin)
>2 (Strong passwords)
>N (Don't chnage root password)
>Y (Remove anon accounts)
>Y (No remote root login)
>Y (Remove test DB)
>Y (Reload)
service mysql status
> mysql.service - MySQL Community Server

TIP: Ensure MySQL is secure and has a good root password, also consider setting up Ubuntu Firewalls and Securing Ubuntu. Also ensure the Server is patched and does not have exploits like Spectre and meltdown.

Now you can access your Admirer php file on your Web Server (hopefully with an obfiscated name).

Click Create databaase

Give the database a name and choose the character coding standard (e.g UTF8 ceneral ci). Different standards have different performance impacts too.

Now that you have a database you can create a table.

Consider adding an auto-incrementing ID and say a Key and Value varchar column.

When the table is created you can add a row to the table.

I created one with a “TestKey” and “TestValue” row.

The row was inserted.

The final thing to do is add a database user that code can connect to the database with. Click Privileges.

Click Create user

Tick All privileges and click Save

Now the user is added to the database

Let’s create a PHP file and talk to the database. Let’s use parameterized queries

<?php

date_default_timezone_set('Australia/Sydney');
echo "Last modified: " . date ("F d Y H:i:s.", getlastmod()) . "<br /><br />";

// Turn on if you need to see errors
// error_reporting(E_ALL);
// ini_set('display_errors', 0);

$dbhost = '127.0.0.1';
$dbname = 'dbtest';
$dbusername = 'dbtestuser';
$dbpassword = '*****************************************'';

$con = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbusername, $dbpassword, $dbname);
 
// Turn on debug stuff if you need it
// echo var_dump($con);
// printf(" - Error: %s.n", $stmt->error);
 
if($con->connect_errno > 0){

    printf(" - Error: %s.n", $stmt->error);
    die("Error: Unable to connect to MySQL");

} else {

    echo "Charset set to utf8<br />";
    mysqli_set_charset($con,"utf8");
}
 
if (!$con) {

    echo "Error: Unable to connect to MySQL (E002)" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "Debugging errno: " . mysqli_connect_errno() . PHP_EOL;
    echo "Debugging error: " . mysqli_connect_error() . PHP_EOL;
    exit;

} else {

    echo "Database Connection OK<br />";
 
    echo "&nbsp; Success: A proper connection to MySQL was made! The $dbname database is great." . PHP_EOL . "<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Host information: " . mysqli_get_host_info($con) . PHP_EOL . "<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Server Info: '" . mysqli_get_server_info($con) . "'<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Server Protocol Info : ". mysqli_get_proto_info($con) . "<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Server Version: " . mysqli_get_server_version($con) . "<br />";
    //echo " - Server Connection Stats: " . print_r(vmysqli_get_connection_stats($con)) . "<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Client Version: " . mysqli_get_client_version($con) . "<br />";
    echo "&nbsp; &nbsp;- Client Info: '" . mysqli_get_client_info() . "'<br />";
 
    echo "Ready to Query the database '$dbname'.<br />";
 
    // Input Var's that are parameterized/bound into the query statement
    $in_key = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, 'TestKey');
 
    // Output Var's that the query fills after querying the database
    // These variables will be filled with data from the current returned row
    $out_id = "";
    $out_key = "";
    $out_value = "";
 
    echo "1. About to query the database: '$dbname'<br />";
    $stmt = mysqli_stmt_init($con);

    $sql = "SELECT testid, testkey, testvalue FROM tbtest WHERE testkey = ?";
    echo "SQL: $sql (In = $in_key)<br /";

    if (mysqli_stmt_prepare($stmt, $sql)) {

            echo "2. Query Returned<br />";
            /*
                Type specification chars
                Character   Description
                i   corresponding variable has type integer
                d   corresponding variable has type double
                s   corresponding variable has type string
                b   corresponding variable is a blob and will be sent in packets
            */
            mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, 's', $in_key);
            mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
            mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $out_id, $out_key, $out_value);
            mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);
     
            // Do something with the 1st returned row        
            echo " - Row: ID: $out_id, KEY: $out_key, VAL: $out_value <br />";//

            // Do we have more rows to process
            while($stmt->fetch()) { 
                
                    // Output returned values
                    echo " - Row: ID: $out_id, KEY: $out_key, VAL: $out_value <br />";//
            
            }
            mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
            
            echo "Done<br />";
        
        } else {
        
            echo "3. Error Querying<br/>";
            printf(" - Error: %s.n", $stmt->error);
        
        }
}    
?>

Result

If you don’t have a server check out my guides on AWS, Digital Ocean and Vultr.

Happy coding and I hope this helps someone.

Donate and make this blog better

Ask a question or recommend an article

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Revision History

v1.0 Initial Version

Personal Development Blog...

Coding for fun since 1996, Learn by doing and sharing.

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View all of my posts.

Using

Using the Yubico YubiKey NEO hardware-based two-factor authentication device to improve authentication and logins to OSX and software

Creating your first Java FX app and using the Gluon Scene Builder in the IntelliJ IDEA IDE

Enabling TLS 1.3 SSL on a NGINX Website (Ubuntu 16.04 server) that is using Cloudflare

Using Cloudflare DNS servers to speed up the internet and add privacy on OSX

Using the Qualys FreeScan Scanner to test your website for online vulnerabilities

Using OWASP ZAP GUI to scan your Applications for security issues

Using Chrome 65 to measure website Performance, Progressive Web Apps, Basic Practices, Accessibility and SEO

Using Fritzing to draw electronic schematics for Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP8266

Using the free Adminer GUI for MySQL on your website

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